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In [[cryptography]], '''security (engineering) protocol notation''' is a way of expressing a [[cryptographic protocol|protocol]] of correspondence between entities of a dynamic system, such as a [[computer network]]. In the context of a [[formal model]], it allows reasoning about the properties of such a system.


The standard notation consists of a set of principals (traditionally named [[Alice and Bob|Alice, Bob]], Charlie, and so on) who wish to communicate. They may have access to a server S, shared keys K, timestamps T, and can generate [[cryptographic nonce|nonces]] N for authentication purposes.


A simple example might be the following:
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:<math>A\rightarrow B:\{X_1\}_{K_{AB}}</math>
 
This states that '''A'''lice intends a message for '''B'''ob consisting of a [[plaintext]] '''<math>X_1</math>''' encrypted under shared key '''K<sub>AB</sub>'''.
 
Another example might be the following:
 
:<math>B\rightarrow A:\{N_B\}_{PK(A)}</math>
 
This states that '''B'''ob intends a message for '''A'''lice consisting of a [[cryptographic nonce|'''n'''once]] encrypted using public key of Alice.
 
A key with two subscripts is a [[symmetric key]] shared by the two corresponding individuals. A key with one subscript is the public key of the corresponding individual. A private key is represented as the inverse of the public key.
 
The notation specifies only the operation and not its semantics &mdash; for instance, private key encryption and signature are represented identically.
 
We can express more complicated protocols in such a fashion. See [[Kerberos (protocol)|Kerberos]] as an example. Some sources refer to this notation as ''Kerberos Notation''.<ref>
{{ cite journal
| last=Chappell
| first=David
| year=1999
| title=Exploring Kerberos, the Protocol for Distributed Security in Windows 2000
| journal=Microsoft Systems Journal
| url = http://www.microsoft.com/msj/0899/kerberos/kerberos.aspx
}}</ref> Some authors consider the notation used by Steiner, Neuman, & Schiller<ref>
{{cite conference
| last        = Steiner
| first      = J. G.
| authorlink =
| coauthors = Neuman, B. C.; Schiller, J. I.
  |date=February 1988
| title = Kerberos: An Authentication Service for Open Network Systems
| conference = Usenix
| booktitle = Proceedings of the Winter 1988 Usenix Conference
| publisher = USENIX Association
| location = Berkeley, CA
| pages = 191–201
| url = http://clifford.neuman.name/publications/1988/198802-Usenix-Kerberos/198802-Usenix-Steiner-Neuman-Schiller-Kerberos.pdf
| format = PDF
| accessdate = 2009-06-10
}}</ref> as a notable reference.
<ref>
{{cite manual
| author=Davis, Don; Swick, Ralph
| title=Workstation Services and Kerberos Authentication at Project Athena
| date = 1989-03-17
| url = ftp://athena-dist.mit.edu/pub/ATHENA/kerberos/doc/user2user.ps
  | format = PS
| accessdate =  2009-06-10
| quote = …our notation follows Steiner, Neuman, & Schiller,…
| page = 1
}}</ref>
 
Several models exist to reason about security protocols in this way, one of which is [[BAN logic]].
 
== References ==
 
<references />
 
{{crypto-stub}}
 
[[Category:Cryptographic protocols]]

Latest revision as of 02:51, 22 December 2014


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