Pisano period: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox polyhedron
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|image=Pentagonal pyramid.png
|type=[[Johnson solid|Johnson]]<br>[[square pyramid|J<sub>1</sub>]] - '''J<sub>2</sub>''' - [[triangular cupola|J<sub>3</sub>]]
|faces=5 [[triangle]]s<br>1 [[pentagon]]
|edges=10
|vertices=6
|symmetry=''C''<sub>5v</sub>, [5], (*55)
|rotation_group=''C''<sub>5</sub>, [5]<sup>+</sup>, (55)
|vertex_config=5(3<sup>2</sup>.5)<br>(3<sup>5</sup>)
|dual=self
|properties=[[convex set|convex]]
|net=pentagonal pyramid flat.svg
}}
In [[geometry]], a '''pentagonal pyramid''' is a [[Pyramid (geometry)| pyramid]] with a [[pentagon]]al base upon which are erected five [[triangle|triangular]] faces that meet at a point (the vertex). Like any [[pyramid]], it is self-[[dual polyhedron|dual]].
 
The ''regular'' pentagonal pyramid has a base that is a regular pentagon and lateral faces that are [[equilateral triangle]]s. It is one of the [[Johnson solid]]s (''J''<sub>2</sub>). Its height ''H'', from the midpoint of the pentagonal face to the apex, (as a function of ''a'', where ''a'' is the side length), can be computed as:
:<math>H = \sqrt{{\frac{5-\sqrt{5}}{10}}}\,a \approx 0.5257\,a.</math><!--unchecked-->
Its surface area, ''A'', can be computed as the area of pentagonal base plus five times the area of one triangle:
:<math>A = \left( \frac{\sqrt{25 + 10 \sqrt{5}}}{4} + 5\frac{\sqrt{3}}{4} \right) a^2 \approx 3.8855\,a^2.</math><!--checked-->
Its volume when an edge length is known can be figured out with this formula:
:<math>V = \frac{5 + \sqrt{5}}{24}\,a^3 \approx 0.3015\,a^3.</math><!--unchecked-->
 
It can be seen as the "lid" of an [[icosahedron]]; the rest of the icosahedron forms a [[gyroelongated pentagonal pyramid]], ''J''<sub>11</sub>, one of the 92 Johnson solids named and described by [[Norman Johnson (mathematician)|Norman Johnson]] in 1966.
 
More generally an order-2 vertex-uniform pentagonal pyramid can be defined with a regular pentagonal base and 5 isosceles triangle sides of any height.
 
== Related polyhedra ==
{{Pyramids}}
 
{| class=wikitable width=320
|[[File:Pentagonal frustum.svg|160px]]<br>Pentagonal [[frustum]] is a pentagonal pyramid with its apex truncated
|[[File:Icosahedron.png|160px]]<br>The vertex of an [[icosahedron]] is a pentagonal pyramid
|}
 
=== Dual polyhedron ===
 
The pentagonal pyramid is topologically a [[self-dual polyhedron]]. The dual edge lengths are different due to the [[polar reciprocation]].
{| class=wikitable width=320
|- valign=top
!Dual pentagonal pyramid
!Net of dual
|- valign=top
|[[File:Dual pentagonal pyramid.png|162px]]
|[[File:Dual pentagonal pyramid net.png|160px]]
|}
 
==External links==
* {{Mathworld2 | urlname2 = JohnsonSolid | title2 = Johnson solid | urlname = PentagonalPyramid | title = Pentagonal pyramid}}
*[http://www.georgehart.com/virtual-polyhedra/vp.html Virtual Reality Polyhedra] www.georgehart.com: The Encyclopedia of Polyhedra ( [[VRML]] [http://www.georgehart.com/virtual-polyhedra/vrml/pentagonal_pyramid_(J2).wrl model])
 
[[Category:Pyramids and bipyramids]]
[[Category:Self-dual polyhedra]]
[[Category:Prismatoid polyhedra]]
[[Category:Johnson solids]]
 
{{Polyhedron navigator}}

Latest revision as of 19:24, 30 October 2014

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