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The '''de Haas–van Alphen effect''', often abbreviated to '''dHvA''', is a [[Quantum mechanics|quantum mechanical]] effect in which the magnetic moment of a pure metal [[crystal]] [[oscillation|oscillates]] as the intensity of an applied [[magnetic field]] B is increased. Other quantities also oscillate, such as the [[resistivity]] ([[Shubnikov–de Haas effect]]), [[Specific heat capacity|specific heat]], and [[Acoustics|sound]] [[attenuation]] and speed.<ref>
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{{cite web
|author=Zhang Mingzhe
|title=Measuring FS using the de Haas-van Alphen effect
|url=http://phy.ntnu.edu.tw/~changmc/Teach/SS/SSG_note/grad_chap14.pdf
  |work=Introduction to Solid State Physics
|publisher=[[National Taiwan Normal University]]
|accessdate=2010-02-11
}}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
|author=T. Holstein
  |year=1973
|title=de Haas-van Alphen Effect and the Specific Heat of an Electron Gas
|journal=[[Physical Review B]]
|volume=8 |pages=2649
|doi=10.1103/PhysRevB.8.2649
|bibcode = 1973PhRvB...8.2649H }}</ref><ref>
{{cite journal
|author=A.Suslov, O.Svitelskiy, E.Palm, T.Murphy, D.Shulyatev
|year=2006
|title=Pulse-echo technique for angular dependent magnetoacoustic studies
|journal=[[AIP Conference Proceedings]]
|volume=850 |pages=1661
  }}</ref> It was discovered in 1930 by [[Wander Johannes de Haas]] and his student P. M. van Alphen.


The period, when plotted against <math>1/B</math>, is inversely proportional to the area <math>S</math> of the extremal orbit of the Fermi surface, in the direction of the applied field.<ref>
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{{cite book
|author=C. Kittel
|year=2005
|title=Introduction to Solid-State Physics
|page= |edition=8th
|publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons|Wiley]]
|isbn=
}}</ref>


:<math>\Delta \left( \frac{1}{B} \right) = \frac{2 \pi e}{\hbar c S}</math>
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where S is the area of the Fermi surface normal to the direction of B.
 
This effect is due to [[Landau quantization]] of [[electron]] [[energy]] in an applied magnetic field.  A strong magnetic field &mdash; typically several [[Tesla (unit)|teslas]] &mdash; and a low temperature are required to cause a material to exhibit the dHvA effect.<ref>
{{cite web
|author=N. Harrison
|date=
  |title=de Haas-van Alphen Effect
|url=http://www.lanl.gov/orgs/mpa/nhmfl/users/pages/deHaas.htm
|publisher=[[National High Magnetic Field Laboratory]] at the [[Los Alamos National Laboratory]]
|accessdate=2010-02-11
}}</ref>
 
In 1952, [[Lars Onsager]] explained the physics behind the effect, and, due to his interpretation, this effect can be used to image the [[Fermi surface]] of a metal, to measure the carrier [[density]] and more, which makes this a very powerful probing technique in condensed-matter physics.
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
*{{cite web
|author=M. Suzuki, I.S. Suzuki
|date=26 April 2006
|url=http://www2.binghamton.edu/physics/docs/note-dhva.pdf
|title=Lecture note on Solid State Physics: de Haas-van Alphen effect
|publisher=[[State University of New York at Binghamton]]
|accessdate=2010-02-11
}}
 
{{DEFAULTSORT:De Haas-Van Alphen Effect}}
[[Category:Magnetism]]
 
 
{{quantum-stub}}

Revision as of 21:25, 20 February 2014

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