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The '''ballistic limit''' or '''limit velocity''' is the [[velocity]] required for a particular [[projectile]] to reliably (at least 50% of the time) penetrate a particular piece of material. In other words, a given projectile will not pierce a given target when the projectile velocity is lower than the ballistic limit.<ref name=carlucci>{{cite book|author=Donald E. Carlucci, Sidney S. Jacobson|title=Ballistics: Theory and Design of Guns and Ammunition|publisher=CRC Press|year=2008|pages=310|isbn=978-1-4200-6618-0|url=|accessdate=}}</ref> The term ''ballistic limit'' is used specifically in the context of [[armor]]; ''limit velocity'' is used in other contexts.<ref name=carlucci/> | |||
The ballistic limit [[equation]] for [[laminate]]s, as derived by Reid and Wen<ref>SR Reid, HM Wen. "Perforation of FRP laminates and sandwich panels subjected to missile impact". In: SR Reid, G Zhou, editors. "Impact behaviour of fibre-reinforced composite materials and structures". Cambridge: Woodhead Publishers Ltd. 2000. In: G Reyes Villanueva, WJ Cantwell (2004). "The high velocity impact response of composite and FML-reinforced sandwich structures". ''Composites Science and Technology'' '''64''':35-54. {{doi|10.1016/S0266-3538(03)00197-0}}.</ref> is as follows: | |||
<math>V_b=\frac{\pi\,\Gamma\,\sqrt{\rho_t\,\sigma_e}\,D^2\,T}{4\,m} \left [1+\sqrt{1+\frac{8\,m}{\pi\,\Gamma^2\,\rho_t\,D^2\,T}}\, \right ]</math><br /> | |||
where | |||
*<math>V_b\,</math> is the ballistic limit | |||
*<math>\Gamma\,</math> is a projectile constant determined experimentally | |||
*<math>\rho_t\,</math> is the density of the laminate | |||
*<math>\sigma_e\,</math> is the static linear elastic compression limit | |||
*<math>D\,</math> is the diameter of the projectile | |||
*<math>T\,</math> is the thickness of the laminate | |||
*<math>m\,</math> is the mass of the projectile | |||
Additionally, the ballistic limit for small-caliber into homogeneous armor by TM5-855-1 is: | |||
<math>V_1= 19.72 \left [ \frac{7800 d^3 \left [ \left ( \frac{e_h}{d} \right) \sec \theta \right ]^{1.6}}{W_T} \right ]^{0.5}</math><br> | |||
where | |||
*<math>V_1</math> is the ballistic limit velocity in fps | |||
*<math>d</math> is the caliber of the projectile, in inches | |||
*<math>e_h</math> is the thickness of the homogeneous armor (valid from [[Brinell hardness|BHN]] 360 - 440) in inches | |||
*<math>\theta</math> is the angle of obliquity | |||
*<math>W_T</math> is the weight of the projetile, in lbs | |||
== References == | |||
{{Reflist}} | |||
== External links == | |||
* http://www.answers.com/topic/ballistic-limit | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Ballistic Limit}} | |||
[[Category:Ballistics]] | |||
{{weapon-stub}} | |||
{{engineering-stub}} | |||
Revision as of 16:09, 19 December 2013
The ballistic limit or limit velocity is the velocity required for a particular projectile to reliably (at least 50% of the time) penetrate a particular piece of material. In other words, a given projectile will not pierce a given target when the projectile velocity is lower than the ballistic limit.[1] The term ballistic limit is used specifically in the context of armor; limit velocity is used in other contexts.[1]
The ballistic limit equation for laminates, as derived by Reid and Wen[2] is as follows:
where
![V_{b}={\frac {\pi \,\Gamma \,{\sqrt {\rho _{t}\,\sigma _{e}}}\,D^{2}\,T}{4\,m}}\left[1+{\sqrt {1+{\frac {8\,m}{\pi \,\Gamma ^{2}\,\rho _{t}\,D^{2}\,T}}}}\,\right]](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/cd614d11996d4bdf9b7419556071f041a573b2dd)
- is the ballistic limit
- is a projectile constant determined experimentally
- is the density of the laminate
- is the static linear elastic compression limit
- is the diameter of the projectile
- is the thickness of the laminate
- is the mass of the projectile
Additionally, the ballistic limit for small-caliber into homogeneous armor by TM5-855-1 is:
where
![{\displaystyle V_{1}=19.72\left[{\frac {7800d^{3}\left[\left({\frac {e_{h}}{d}}\right)\sec \theta \right]^{1.6}}{W_{T}}}\right]^{0.5}}](https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d137f277a0ca4da44ba34b6b2e3fbe381a7b85b0)
- is the ballistic limit velocity in fps
- is the caliber of the projectile, in inches
- is the thickness of the homogeneous armor (valid from BHN 360 - 440) in inches
- is the angle of obliquity
- is the weight of the projetile, in lbs
References
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