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Klein's [[J-invariant]], real part (600x600 pixels)
It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.<br><br>Here are some common dental emergencies:<br>Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.<br><br>At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.<br><br>Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.<br><br>Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.<br><br>Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.<br><br>Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.<br><br>Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.<br><br>In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.<br><br>In the event you loved this short article and you want to receive details concerning [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=90z1mmiwNS8 Washington DC Dentist] i implore you to visit the web site.
 
===Detailed description===
This image shows the real part <math>\Re j</math> of the [[J-invariant]] <math>j=g_2^3/\Delta</math> as a function of the square of the [[nome (mathematics)|nome]] <math>q=\exp (i\pi\tau)</math> on the [[unit disk]] |''q''| < 1. That is, <math>\pi\tau</math> runs from 0 to <math>2\pi</math> along the edge of the disk. Black areas indicate regions where the real part is zero or negative; blue/green areas where the value is small and positive, yellow/red where it is large and positive. The diamond-shaped patterns in the red part are [[Moiré pattern]]s, and are an artifact of the pixelization of the image (the red-black strips are smaller than the size of a pixel; the color of the pixel is assigned according to the value of the function at the center of the pixel, rather than the average of values over the pixel).
 
The fractal self-similarity of this function is that of the [[modular group]]; note that this function is a [[modular form]]. Every [[modular function]] will have this general kind of self-similarity.
 
The imaginary part <math>\Im j</math> looks roughly similar; the modulus <math>|j|=\sqrt{(\Re{j})^2+(\Im{j})^2}</math> is uniform in color, with the black strips filled in to match the colored areas. The modulus essentially looks like [[:Image:Q-euler.jpeg]] with the colors reversed.  
 
Zeros are visible where-ever the three-pointed triangle tips come together. The j-invariant has a pole at every rational multiple of π on the circumference of the disk. The correct way to understand this image is to note that j takes on every possible value on the [[fundamental region]]. Each fundamental region takes the form of a hyperbolic triangle in this image, with one vertex of the triangle on the edge of the disk. Thus, the red regions deceivingly hint that they are centered on a pole; this is not the case, as the poles lie on the disk boundary. There is exactly one exception to this: there is one very tiny triangle (about two pixels in size), taking the shape of an oval, that is wrapped around the dead-center of the disk. One corner of that triangle is exactly at the center ''q''=0, with a pair of edges zipped together running from ''q''=0 to <math>q=-\exp(-\pi\sqrt{3})</math> (which is about -0.0043, which is why its not visible here). The third edge of this exceptional triangle circles the origin all the way around. This third edge is shared with the unique funny-looking tongue in this image, turning this seemingly two-sided tongue into a real triangle. Note that this implies that the j-function has a simple pole at the origin, although it is not visible in this image.
 
See also [[:Image:J-inv-phase.jpeg]] for the phase part.
It, and other related images, can be seen at http://www.linas.org/art-gallery/numberetic/numberetic.html
 
===Source of Image===
Created by Linas Vepstas [[User:Linas]] <linas@linas.org> on 15 February 2005 using custom software written entirely by Linas Vepstas.
 
===Copyright status===
Released under the Gnu Free Documentation License (GFDL) by Linas Vepstas.
{{GFDL-with-disclaimers|migration=relicense}}
 
===Relevant Links===
* [[Weierstrass elliptic functions]]
* [[Eisenstein series]]
* [[Q-series]]
 
[[Category:Images of elliptic functions]]
 
{{badJPEG}}
 
{{Copy to Wikimedia Commons|bot=Svenbot|priority=true}}

Revision as of 17:49, 18 February 2014

It is very common to have a dental emergency -- a fractured tooth, an abscess, or severe pain when chewing. Over-the-counter pain medication is just masking the problem. Seeing an emergency dentist is critical to getting the source of the problem diagnosed and corrected as soon as possible.

Here are some common dental emergencies:
Toothache: The most common dental emergency. This generally means a badly decayed tooth. As the pain affects the tooth's nerve, treatment involves gently removing any debris lodged in the cavity being careful not to poke deep as this will cause severe pain if the nerve is touched. Next rinse vigorously with warm water. Then soak a small piece of cotton in oil of cloves and insert it in the cavity. This will give temporary relief until a dentist can be reached.

At times the pain may have a more obscure location such as decay under an old filling. As this can be only corrected by a dentist there are two things you can do to help the pain. Administer a pain pill (aspirin or some other analgesic) internally or dissolve a tablet in a half glass (4 oz) of warm water holding it in the mouth for several minutes before spitting it out. DO NOT PLACE A WHOLE TABLET OR ANY PART OF IT IN THE TOOTH OR AGAINST THE SOFT GUM TISSUE AS IT WILL RESULT IN A NASTY BURN.

Swollen Jaw: This may be caused by several conditions the most probable being an abscessed tooth. In any case the treatment should be to reduce pain and swelling. An ice pack held on the outside of the jaw, (ten minutes on and ten minutes off) will take care of both. If this does not control the pain, an analgesic tablet can be given every four hours.

Other Oral Injuries: Broken teeth, cut lips, bitten tongue or lips if severe means a trip to a dentist as soon as possible. In the mean time rinse the mouth with warm water and place cold compression the face opposite the injury. If there is a lot of bleeding, apply direct pressure to the bleeding area. If bleeding does not stop get patient to the emergency room of a hospital as stitches may be necessary.

Prolonged Bleeding Following Extraction: Place a gauze pad or better still a moistened tea bag over the socket and have the patient bite down gently on it for 30 to 45 minutes. The tannic acid in the tea seeps into the tissues and often helps stop the bleeding. If bleeding continues after two hours, call the dentist or take patient to the emergency room of the nearest hospital.

Broken Jaw: If you suspect the patient's jaw is broken, bring the upper and lower teeth together. Put a necktie, handkerchief or towel under the chin, tying it over the head to immobilize the jaw until you can get the patient to a dentist or the emergency room of a hospital.

Painful Erupting Tooth: In young children teething pain can come from a loose baby tooth or from an erupting permanent tooth. Some relief can be given by crushing a little ice and wrapping it in gauze or a clean piece of cloth and putting it directly on the tooth or gum tissue where it hurts. The numbing effect of the cold, along with an appropriate dose of aspirin, usually provides temporary relief.

In young adults, an erupting 3rd molar (Wisdom tooth), especially if it is impacted, can cause the jaw to swell and be quite painful. Often the gum around the tooth will show signs of infection. Temporary relief can be had by giving aspirin or some other painkiller and by dissolving an aspirin in half a glass of warm water and holding this solution in the mouth over the sore gum. AGAIN DO NOT PLACE A TABLET DIRECTLY OVER THE GUM OR CHEEK OR USE THE ASPIRIN SOLUTION ANY STRONGER THAN RECOMMENDED TO PREVENT BURNING THE TISSUE. The swelling of the jaw can be reduced by using an ice pack on the outside of the face at intervals of ten minutes on and ten minutes off.

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