Summary

Gravitational

attractive force directly proportional to the mass of the objects. gravitational constant = G = 6.67x10-11Nm2/kg2 it's the weakest of the non-contact forces per unit each mass is a monopole-- the force acts through the centre of the object

Electrostatic attractive when charges are opposite repulsive when charges are the same directly proportional to the charge of the objects objecst become charged as they gain or lose electrons unit of charge is the Coulomb each electron/proton has a charge of ±1.6x10-19C electrostatic constant = 8.988x109Nm2/C2 it's the strongest of the non-contact forces per unit each charge is a monopole-- the force acts through the centre of the charged object

Magnetic attractive when poles are opposite repulsive when poles are alike can be permanent or temporary objects become magnetic based upon the alignment of their particles-- more order, more magnetism each magnetic is a dipole as it always has both a north and a south, one does not occur without the other magnetic dipoles do not have a single equation to describe them

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