Antiproton

Template:Infobox scientist Thomas Johann Seebeck (pronounced Template:IPA-de; 9 April 1770 – 10 December 1831) was a physicist who in 1821 discovered the thermoelectric effect.

Seebeck was born in Reval (today Tallinn, Estonia) to a wealthy Baltic German merchant family. He received a medical degree in 1802 from the University of Göttingen, but preferred to study physics. In 1821 he discovered the thermoelectric effect, where a junction of dissimilar metals produces an electric current when exposed to a temperature gradient. This is now called the Peltier–Seebeck effect and is the basis of thermocouples and thermopiles.

Seebeck effect

A plaque in honor of Seebeck in Tallinn, Estonia

In 1821 Thomas Johann Seebeck found that a circuit made from two dissimilar metals, with junctions at different temperatures would deflect a compass magnet. Seebeck initially believed this was due to magnetism induced by the temperature difference. However, it was quickly realized that it was an electrical current that is induced, which by Ampere's law deflects the magnet. More specifically, the temperature difference, produces an electric potential (voltage) which can drive an electric current in a closed circuit. Today, this effect is known as the Peltier–Seebeck effect.

The voltage produced is proportional to the temperature difference between the two junctions. The proportionality constant (a) is known as the Seebeck coefficient, and often referred to as the thermoelectric power or thermopower. The Seebeck voltage does not depend on the distribution of temperature along the metals between the junctions. This effect is the physical basis for a thermocouple, which is used often for temperature measurement.

$V=a(T_{h}-T_{c})\,\!$

The voltage difference, V, produced across the terminals of an open circuit made from a pair of dissimilar metals, A and B, whose two junctions are held at different temperatures, is directly proportional to the difference between the hot and cold junction temperatures, T_h − T_c. The voltage or current produced across the junctions of two different metals is caused due to the diffusion of electrons from high electron density region to low electron density region as the density of electrons is different in different metals. Due to this the current flows in opposite direction. If both the junctions are kept at same temperature,equal amount of electron diffuses at both the junctions. Therefore the current at both the junctions are equal and opposite and the net current is zero, and if both the junctions are kept at different temperature then diffusion at both the junctions are different and hence different amount of current is produced. Therefore the net current is not zero. This is known as the phenomena of thermoelectricity.

Precursors to color photography

In 1810, at Jena, Seebeck described the action of the spectrum of light on the chloride of silver. He observed that the exposed chemical would sometimes take on a pale version of the color of light that exposed it, and also reported the action of light for a considerable distance beyond the violet end of the spectrum. Seebeck also worked on the Theory of Colours with Goethe.

Other achievements

In 1808, Seebeck was first to produce and describe the amalgam of potassium. In 1810, he observed the magnetic properties of nickel and cobalt. In 1818, Seebeck discovered the optical activity of the solutions of sugar.

See also

• List of Baltic German scientists

References

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

Further reading

• Template:DSB
• Magie, W.M. (1963). A Source Book in Physics. Harvard: Cambridge MA. pp. 461–464. Partial translation of Seebeck's "Magnetische Polarisation der Metalle und Erze durch Temperatur-Differenz."

External links

• A Biography of Seebeck, includes references

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