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| {{Infobox scientist
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| |name = Edmund Landau
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| |image = Edmund Landau.jpg
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| |image_size = 200px
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| |caption = Edmund Landau
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| |birth_name=Edmund Georg Hermann Landau
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| |birth_date = {{birth date|1877|2|14|df=y}}
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| |birth_place = [[Berlin]], [[German Empire|Germany]]
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| |death_date = {{death date and age|1938|2|19|1877|2|1|df=y}}
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| |death_place = Berlin, [[German Reich (1933–1945)|Germany]]
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| |nationality = German
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| |fields = [[Number theory]]<br>[[Complex analysis]]
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| |workplaces = [[University of Berlin]]<br>[[University of Göttingen]]<br>[[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]
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| |alma_mater = [[University of Berlin]]
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| |doctoral_advisor = [[Georg Frobenius]]<br>[[Lazarus Fuchs]]
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| |doctoral_students = [[Paul Bernays]]<br>[[Harald Bohr]]<br>[[Gustav Doetsch]]<br>[[Hans Heilbronn]]<br>[[Dunham Jackson]]<br>[[Erich Kamke]]<br>[[Aubrey J. Kempner|Aubrey Kempner]]<br>[[Alexander Ostrowski]]<br>[[Carl Ludwig Siegel]]<br>[[Arnold Walfisz]]
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| |known_for = [[Prime number theorem|Distribution of prime numbers]]<br>[[Landau prime ideal theorem]]
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| |awards =
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| |religion = [[Jewish]]
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| |spouse=Marianne Ehrlich
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| }}
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| '''Edmund Georg Hermann Landau''' (14 February 1877 – 19 February 1938) was a German mathematician who worked in the fields of [[number theory]] and [[complex analysis]].
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| ==Biography==
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| Edmund Landau was born in Berlin. His father was [[Leopold Landau]], a gynecologist and his mother was Johanna Jacoby. Landau studied mathematics at the [[University of Berlin]] and received his doctorate in 1899 and his [[habilitation]] (the post-doctoral qualification required in German universities) in 1901. His doctoral thesis was 14 pages long. In 1905 he married Marianne Ehrlich, the daughter of the biologist [[Paul Ehrlich]], who was awarded the 1908 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
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| Landau taught at the University of Berlin from 1899 until 1909 and held a chair at the [[University of Göttingen]] from 1909 onwards. Himself Jewish, in the 1920s Landau was instrumental in establishing the Mathematics Institute at the nascent [[Hebrew University of Jerusalem]]. Landau taught himself Hebrew, with the intent of eventually settling in Jerusalem. At the groundbreaking ceremony of the Hebrew University on April 2, 1925 he lectured in Hebrew on the topic ''Solved and unsolved problems in elementary number theory''. He negotiated with the President of the University, [[Judah Magnes]], regarding the details of his position at the University and the building that was to house the Mathematics Institute. In 1927 Landau and his family emigrated to Palestine, and he began teaching at the Hebrew University. The Landau family had difficulty adjusting to the primitive living standards then available in Jerusalem. In addition, Landau became a pawn in a struggle for control of the University between Magnes and [[Chaim Weizmann]] and [[Albert Einstein]]. Magnes suggested that Landau be appointed rector of the University, but Einstein and Weizmann supported [[Selig Brodetsky]]. Landau was disgusted by the dispute, not of his own making, and he decided to return to Göttingen. He remained there until he was forced out by the Nazi regime in 1933 and thereafter he lectured only outside of Germany. In 1934 he moved to Berlin, where he died in early 1938 of natural causes.
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| In 1903 Landau gave a much simpler proof than was then known of the [[prime number theorem]] and later presented the first systematic treatment of [[analytic number theory]] in the ''Handbuch der Lehre von der Verteilung der Primzahlen'',<ref>{{cite journal|author=Gronwall, T. H.|authorlink=Thomas Hakon Grönwall|title=Review: ''Handbuch der Lehre von der Verteilung der Primzahlen''|journal=Bull. Amer. Math. Soc.|year=1914|volume=20|issue=7|pages=368–376|url=http://www.ams.org/journals/bull/1914-20-07/S0002-9904-1914-02502-9/}}</ref> or simply the ''Handbuch''. He also made important contributions to [[complex analysis]].
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| [[G. H. Hardy]] wrote that no one was ever more passionately devoted to mathematics than Landau.
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| ==Translated works==
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| *''Foundations of Analysis'', Chelsea Pub Co. ISBN 0-8218-2693-X.
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| *''Differential and Integral Calculus'', American Mathematical Society. ISBN 0-8218-2830-4.
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| *''Elementary Number Theory'', American Mathematical Society. ISBN 0-8218-2004-4.
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| ==See also==
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| *[[Landau's function]]
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| *[[Landau prime ideal theorem]]
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| *[[Landau's problems]]
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| *[[Big O notation|Landau's symbol (Big O notation)]]
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| *[[Landau–Kolmogorov inequality]]
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| *[[Landau–Ramanujan constant]]
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| *[[Dirichlet_eta_function#Landau.27s_problem_with_.CE.B6.28s.29_.3D_.CE.B7.28s.29.2F0_and_solutions|Landau's problem on the Dirichlet eta function]]
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| ==Further reading==
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| * {{cite journal |last=Hardy |first=G. H. |authorlink=G. H. Hardy |coauthors=[[Hans Heilbronn|H. Heilbronn]] |year=1938 |title=Edmund Landau |journal=Journal of the London Mathematical Society |volume=13 |pages=302–310 |url=http://www.numbertheory.org/obituaries/LMS/landau/index.html |accessdate=2009-06-11 |doi=10.1112/jlms/s1-13.4.302 |issue=4}} Obituary and review of scientific work and books.
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| ==References==
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| {{reflist}}
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| ==External links==
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| {{wikiquote}}
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| * {{MacTutor Biography|id=Landau}}
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| * {{MathGenealogy |id=7862}}
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| * [http://www.pupress.princeton.edu/books/maor Edmund Landau: The Master Rigorist] by [[Eli Maor]], ''Trigonometric Delights'', page 192.
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| * [http://arxiv.org/PS_cache/arxiv/pdf/0803/0803.3787v2.pdf Translation of the Doctoral thesis] ''Neuer Beweis der Gleichung <math>\scriptstyle\sum\limits_{k=1}^\infty\frac{\mu(k)}{k}\,=\,0</math>'', Berlin 1899
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| {{Authority control|GND=118726161|LCCN=n/84/801681|VIAF=76395702}}
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| {{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. -->
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| | NAME = Landau, Edmund
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| | ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| | SHORT DESCRIPTION = German mathematician
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| | DATE OF BIRTH = 14 February 1877
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| | PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Berlin, Germany]]
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| | DATE OF DEATH = 19 February 1938
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| | PLACE OF DEATH = [[Berlin, Germany]]
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| }}
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| {{DEFAULTSORT:Landau, Edmund}}
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| [[Category:19th-century German mathematicians]]
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| [[Category:20th-century mathematicians]]
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| [[Category:German mathematicians]]
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| [[Category:University of Göttingen faculty]]
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| [[Category:Number theorists]]
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| [[Category:German Jews]]
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| [[Category:People from Berlin]]
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| [[Category:People from the Province of Brandenburg]]
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| [[Category:1877 births]]
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| [[Category:1938 deaths]]
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| [[Category:Französisches Gymnasium Berlin alumni]]
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