List of thermodynamic properties

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Thermodynamic properties and their characteristics

Property	Symbol	Units	Extensive?	Intensive?	Conjugate	Potential?	State qty.?	Process qty.?
Activity	$a$	Template:Spaced ndash		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Altitude		m	Template:Aye				Template:Aye
Chemical potential	$\mu _{i}$	kJ/mol		Template:Aye	Particle number $N_{i}$		Template:Aye
Compressibility (adiabatic)	$\beta _{S}$, $\kappa$	Pa−1		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Compressibility (isothermal)	$\beta _{T}$, $\kappa$	Pa−1		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Cryoscopic constant	$K_{f}$	K·kg/mol
Density	$\rho$	kg/m3		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Ebullioscopic constant	$K_{b}$
Enthalpy	$H$	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye	Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific enthalpy	$h$	J/kg		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Entropy	$S$	J/K	Template:Aye		Temperature $T$	Template:Aye (entropic)	Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific entropy	$s$	J/(kg K)		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Fugacity	$f$	N/m²		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Gas constant	$R,{\bar {R}}$	J/K		Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific gas constant Template:Space(for a particular substance)	$R_{S}$	J/(kg K)		Template:Aye
Gibbs free energy	$G$	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye	Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific Gibbs free entropy	$g$	J/(kg K)		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Gibbs free entropy	$\Xi$	J/K	Template:Aye			Template:Aye (entropic)	Template:Aye
Grand / Landau potential	$\Omega$	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye	Template:Aye
Heat	$Q$	J	Template:Aye					Template:Aye
Heat capacity (constant pressure)	$C_{p}$	J/K	Template:Aye				Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific heat capacity Template:Space(constant pressure)	$c_{p}$	J/(kg·K)		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Heat capacity (constant volume)	$C_{v}$	J/K	Template:Aye				Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific heat capacity Template:Space(constant volume)	$c_{v}$	J/(kg·K)		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Helmholtz free energy	$A$, $F$	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye	Template:Aye
Helmholtz free entropy	$\Phi$	J/K	Template:Aye			Template:Aye (entropic)	Template:Aye
Internal energy	$U$	J	Template:Aye			Template:Aye	Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific internal energy	$u$	J/kg		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Internal pressure	$\pi _{T}$	Pa		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Mass	$m$	kg	Template:Aye
Particle number	$N_{i}$	Template:Spaced ndash	Template:Aye		Chemical potential $\mu _{i}$
Pressure	$p$	Pa		Template:Aye	Volume $V$		Template:Aye
Temperature	$T$	K		Template:Aye	Entropy $S$		Template:Aye
Thermal conductivity	$k$	W/(m·K)		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Thermal diffusivity	$\alpha$	m²/s		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Thermal expansion (linear)	$\alpha _{L}$	K−1		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Thermal expansion (area)	$\alpha _{A}$	K−1		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Thermal expansion (volumetric)	$\alpha _{V}$	K−1		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Vapor quality	$\chi$	Template:Spaced ndash		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Volume	$V$	m3	Template:Aye		Pressure $P$		Template:Aye
Template:Space↳ Specific volume	$v$	m3/kg		Template:Aye			Template:Aye
Work	$W$	J	Template:Aye					Template:Aye

Specific properties are expressed on a per mass basis; in some circumstances other dimensions could be used, such as per-mole.

Regarding Work and Heat:

Note that work and heat above are listed as process quantities: They are, in fact, not thermodynamic properties, but flows of energy across a system boundary. Systems do not contain work, but can perform work, and likewise, in formal thermodynamics, systems do not contain heat, but can transfer heat. Informally, however, a difference in the energy of a system that occurs solely because of a difference in its temperature is commonly called heat, and the energy that flows across a boundary as a result of a temperature difference is, in fact, heat in the technical sense.

See also

• Dimensionless numbers
• Thermodynamic databases for pure substances
• Thermodynamic variable