Supnick matrix

Mining Engineer (Excluding Oil ) Truman from Alma, loves to spend time knotting, largest property developers in singapore developers in singapore and stamp collecting. Recently had a family visit to Urnes Stave Church. The refractive index of water at 20°C is 1.332986. The refractive index of normal ice is 1.31. (From List of refractive indices.) In general, an index of refraction is a complex number with both a real and imaginary part, where the latter indicates the strength of absorption loss at a particular wavelength. In the visible part of electromagnetic spectrum the imaginary part of the refractive index is very small. However, water and ice absorb in infrared and close the atmospheric window thereby contributing to the greenhouse effect

The absorption spectrum of pure water is used in numerous applications, including light scattering and absorption by ice crystals and cloud water droplets, theories of the rainbow, determination of the single scattering albedo, ocean color, and many others.

Quantitative description of the refraction index

Over the wavelengths from 0.2 μm to 1.2 μm, and over temperatures from −12°C to 500°C the real part of the index of refraction of water can be calculated by the following empirical expression:

${\frac {n^{2}-1}{n^{2}+2}}(1/{\overline {\rho }})=a_{0}+a_{1}{\overline {\rho }}+a_{2}{\overline {T}}+a_{3}{\overline {\lambda }}^{2}{\overline {T}}+{\frac {a_{4}}{{\overline {\lambda }}^{2}}}+{\frac {a_{5}}{{\overline {\lambda }}^{2}-{\overline {\lambda }}_{\mathit {UV}}^{2}}}+{\frac {a_{6}}{{\overline {\lambda }}^{2}-{\overline {\lambda }}_{\mathit {IR}}^{2}}}+a_{7}{\overline {\rho }}^{2}$

Where:

${\overline {T}}={\frac {T}{T^{\text{*}}}},{\text{ }}$

${\overline {\rho }}={\frac {\rho }{\rho ^{\text{*}}}},{\text{ and }}$

${\overline {\lambda }}={\frac {\lambda }{\lambda ^{\text{*}}}}$

and the appropriate constants are $a_{0}$ = 0.244257733, $a_{1}$ = 0.00974634476, $a_{2}$ = −0.00373234996, $a_{3}$ = 0.000268678472, $a_{4}$ = 0.0015892057, $a_{5}$ = 0.00245934259, $a_{6}$ = 0.90070492, $a_{7}$ = −0.0166626219, $T^{*}$ = 273.15 K, $\rho ^{*}$ = 1000 kg/m³, $\lambda ^{*}$ = 589 nm, ${\overline {\lambda }}_{\text{IR}}$ = 5.432937, and ${\overline {\lambda }}_{\text{UV}}$ = 0.229202.

In the above expression T is the absolute temperature of water (in K), $\lambda$ is the wavelength of light in nm, $\rho$ is the density of the water in kg/m³, and n is the real part of the index of refraction of water.

Refractive Index, Real and Imaginary Parts for Liquid Water

Refractive Index of Liquid Water

Wavelength (μm)	Wavenumber (cm−1)	Frequency (THz)	n	k	α' (cm−1)
0.200	Template:Val	Template:Val	1.396	Template:Val	0.069
0.225	Template:Val	Template:Val	1.373	Template:Val	0.027
0.250	Template:Val	Template:Val	1.362	Template:Val	0.0168
0.275	Template:Val	Template:Val	1.354	Template:Val	0.0107
0.300	Template:Val	999	1.349	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.325	Template:Val	922	1.346	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.350	Template:Val	857	1.343	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.375	Template:Val	799	1.341	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.400	Template:Val	749	1.339	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.425	Template:Val	705	1.338	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.450	Template:Val	666	1.337	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.475	Template:Val	631	1.336	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.500	Template:Val	600	1.335	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.525	Template:Val	571	1.334	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.550	Template:Val	545	1.333	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.575	Template:Val	521	1.333	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.600	Template:Val	500	1.332	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.625	Template:Val	480	1.332	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.650	Template:Val	461	1.331	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.675	Template:Val	444	1.331	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.700	Template:Val	428	1.331	Template:Val	Template:Val
0.725	Template:Val	414	1.330	Template:Val	0.0159
0.750	Template:Val	400	1.330	Template:Val	0.0261
0.775	Template:Val	387	1.330	Template:Val	0.0240
0.800	Template:Val	375	1.329	Template:Val	0.0196
0.825	Template:Val	363	1.329	Template:Val	0.0282
0.850	Template:Val	353	1.329	Template:Val	0.0433
0.875	Template:Val	343	1.328	Template:Val	0.0562
0.900	Template:Val	333	1.328	Template:Val	0.0679
0.925	Template:Val	324	1.328	Template:Val	0.144
0.950	Template:Val	316	1.327	Template:Val	0.388
0.975	Template:Val	307	1.327	Template:Val	0.449
1.0	Template:Val	300	1.327	Template:Val	0.36
1.2	8300	250	1.324	Template:Val	1.0
1.4	7100	210	1.321	Template:Val	12
1.6	6200	190	1.317	Template:Val	6.7
1.8	5600	170	1.312	Template:Val	8.0
2.0	5000	150	1.306	Template:Val	69
2.2	4500	136	1.296	Template:Val	17
2.4	4200	125	1.279	Template:Val	50.
2.6	3800	115	1.242	Template:Val	150
2.65	3770	113	1.219	Template:Val	318
2.70	3700	111	1.188	0.019	880
2.75	3640	109	1.157	0.059	2700
2.80	3570	107	1.142	0.115	5160
2.85	3510	105	1.149	0.185	8160
2.90	3450	103	1.201	0.268	11600
2.95	3390	102	1.292	0.298	12700
3.00	3330	100.	1.371	0.272	11400
3.05	3280	98.3	1.426	0.240	9990
3.10	3230	96.7	1.467	0.192	7780
3.15	3170	95.2	1.483	0.135	5390
3.20	3120	93.7	1.478	0.0924	3630
3.25	3080	92.2	1.467	0.0610	2360
3.30	3030	90.8	1.450	0.0368	1400
3.35	2990	89.5	1.432	0.0261	979
3.40	2940	88.2	1.420	0.0195	721
3.45	2900	86.9	1.410	0.0132	481
3.50	2860	85.7	1.400	0.0094	340
3.6	2780	83	1.385	0.00515	180
3.7	2700	81	1.374	0.00360	120
3.8	2630	79	1.364	0.00340	110
3.9	2560	77	1.357	0.00380	120
4.0	2500	75	1.351	0.00460	140
4.1	2440	73	1.346	0.00562	170
4.2	2380	71	1.342	0.00688	210
4.3	2330	70.	1.338	0.00845	250
4.4	2270	69	1.334	0.0103	290
4.5	2220	67	1.332	0.0134	370
4.6	2170	65	1.330	0.0147	400
4.7	2130	64	1.330	0.0157	420
4.8	2080	62	1.330	0.0150	390
4.9	2040	61	1.328	0.0137	350
5.0	2000	60.	1.325	0.0124	310
5.1	1960	59	1.322	0.0111	270
5.2	1920	58	1.317	0.0101	240
5.3	1890	57	1.312	0.0098	230
5.4	1850	56	1.305	0.0103	240
5.5	1820	55	1.298	0.0116	380
5.6	1790	54	1.289	0.0142	320
5.7	1750	53	1.277	0.0203	450
5.8	1720	52	1.262	0.0330	710
5.9	1690	51	1.248	0.0622	1300
6.0	1670	50.	1.265	0.107	2200
6.1	1640	49	1.319	0.131	2700
6.2	1610	48.4	1.363	0.0880	1800
6.3	1590	47.6	1.357	0.0570	1100
6.4	1560	46.8	1.347	0.0449	880
6.5	1540	46.1	1.339	0.0392	760
6.6	1520	45.4	1.334	0.0356	680
6.7	1490	44.7	1.329	0.0337	630
6.8	1470	44.1	1.324	0.0327	600
6.9	1450	43.4	1.321	0.0322	590
7.0	1430	42.8	1.317	0.0320	570

The total refractive index of water is given as m = n + ik. The absorption coefficient α' is used in the Beer–Lambert law with the prime here signifying base e convention. Values are for water at 25°C, and were obtained through various sources in the cited literature review.

See also

• List of refractive indices
• Absorption (electromagnetic radiation)
• Atmospheric radiative transfer codes
• Color of water
• Electromagnetic absorption by water

Notes

43 year old Petroleum Engineer Harry from Deep River, usually spends time with hobbies and interests like renting movies, property developers in singapore new condominium and vehicle racing. Constantly enjoys going to destinations like Camino Real de Tierra Adentro.

References

• R. M. Pope and E. S. Fry, Absorption spectrum (380-700 nm) of pure water. II. Integrating cavity measurements, Appl. Opt., 36, 8710-8723, 1997.
• Mobley, Curtis D., Light and water : radiative transfer in natural waters; based in part on collaborations with Rudolph W. Preisendorfer, San Diego, Academic Press, 1994, 592 p., ISBN 0-12-502750-8