# User:Gene Nygaard/sandbox

To help compare different orders of magnitude, the following list describes various energy levels between 10−31 joules and 1070 joules.

## Energies below 1 J

• 3.0 × 10−31 J (1.8 peV) — average kinetic energy of a molecule at lowest temperature reached (the lowest energy level attained)
• 1.5 × 10−23 J (0.093 meV) — Average kinetic energy of a molecule at the coldest place known (temperature 1 K)
• 4.37 × 10−21 J (0.0273 eV) — Average kinetic energy of a molecule at room temperature
• 1.602 × 10−19 J — Average kinetic energy of a molecule at 11300 °C
• 2.7–5.2 × 10−19 J — Range of energy of photons of visible light
• 5.0 × 10−14 — 500,000 eV — Upper bound of mass-energy of Muon neutrino
• 5.1 × 10−14 — 510,000 eV — mass-energy of electron
• 1.5 × 10−10 J (940 MeV) — mass-energy of a proton
• 1.3 × 10−8 J (80.411 GeV) — mass-energy of a W Boson
• 4.3 × 10−8 J (270 GeV) — Operating energy per beam of the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron accelerator reached in 1981.

## Energies between 1 J and 1 E15 J

• 1 J — The energy required to lift a small apple (102 g) one metre
• 1 joule is equal to:
• 4.184 J — 1 thermochemical calorie (small calorie, exact)
• 4.1868 J — 1 International Table calorie (small calorie, exact)
• 1,000 J — Energy stored in a typical photography studio strobe unit
• 1,055 J — 1 British thermal unit
• 1,360 J — energy received from the Sun at the Earth's orbit by one square metre in one second
• 4,184 J — energy released by explosion of one gram of TNT
• 4,186 J — 1 kcal or food calorie
• 1.7 × 104 J, or 4 dietary calories — energy released by metabolism of one gram of sugar or protein
• 3.8 × 104 J, or 9 dietary calories — energy released by metabolism of one gram of fat
• 44,742 J — a power of one horsepower applied for one minute
• 5.0 × 104 J — energy released by combustion of one gram of gasoline
• 60,000 J — a power of one kilowatt applied for one minute
• 200,000–500,000 J — the kinetic energy of a car at highway speeds
• 745,700 J — a power of 100 horsepower applied for ten seconds
• 2,684,520 J — a power of one horsepower applied for one hour
• 4.184 × 106 J — energy released by explosion of one kilogram of TNT
• 106 J = 239 kcal — the nutritional value of a snack (e.g. a Mars bar) is around that value, typical servings of staple food such as 150 g rice or 200 g wheat bread as well.
• 1500 kcal = 6.3 × 106 is an often recommended value for the nurtional energy a woman not doing heavy labour needs per day (2000 kcal = 8.4 × 106 for men).
• 2.68 × 107 J — a power of ten horsepower applied for one hour
• 4.8 × 107 J — energy released by combustion of one kilogram of gasoline
• 1.5 × 109 J — energy in an average lightning bolt
• 1.6 × 109 J — energy in an average tankful (45 litres) of gasoline
• 3.2 × 109 J — 900 kW·h: approximate annual power use of a standard clothes dryer
• 3.6 × 109 J — 1000 kW·h
• 4.184 × 109 J — energy released by explosion of 1 metric ton of TNT
• 7.2 × 1010 J — energy consumed by the average automobile in the United States in 2000
• 8.64 × 1010 J — 1 MW·d (megawatt-day), a unit used in the context of power plants
• 4.184 × 1012 J — energy released by explosion of 1 kiloton of TNT
• 9.0 × 1014 — 90 GW·h — Yearly production of electricity in Togo

## Energies 1 E15 J and above

• 4.184 × 1015 J — energy released by explosion of 1 megaton of TNT
• 1.74 × 1016 J — total energy from the Sun that hits the Earth in one second
• 8.403 TW·h (3.03 × 1016 J) — electricity consumption in Zimbabwe in 1998
• 9.0 × 1016 J — Theoretical total mass-energy of a kilogram of matter
• 1.5 × 1017 J (150 PJ) — estimated energy released by Krakatoa eruption
• 2.5 × 1017 J — energy release of the largest nuclear weapon ever tested
• 4 × 1017J — 111 TW·h — electricity consumption of Norway in 1998.
• 1.04 × 1019J — total energy from the Sun that hits the Earth in one minute
• 1.339 × 1019J — 3719.5 TWh — total production of electrical energy in the US in 2001
• 9.0 × 1019 J — theoretical total mass-energy of 1000 kg of matter
• 1.05 × 1020 J — energy consumed by the United States in one year (2001)
• 1.33 × 1020 J — energy released by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
• 4.26 × 1020 J — energy consumed by the world in one year (2001)
• 6.2 × 1020 J — total energy from the Sun that hits the Earth in one hour
• 6.0 × 1021 J — energy in world's estimated natural gas reserves (2003)
• 7.4 × 1021 J — energy in world's estimated petroleum reserves (2003)
• 2.6 × 1022 J — energy in world's estimated coal reserves (2003)
• 3.9 × 1022 J — energy in world's estimated total fossil fuel reserves (2003)
• 1.5 × 1023J — total energy from the Sun that hits the Earth in 24 hours
• 3.827 × 1026 J — energy output of the Sun in one second
• 2.30 × 1028 J — energy output of the Sun in one minute
• 1.2 × 1034 J — energy output of the Sun in one year
• 1.2 × 1037 J — energy output of the Sun in one millennium
• 1.2 × 1040 J — energy output of the Sun in a million years
• 5.37 × 1041 J — Theoretical total mass-energy of the mass of the Earth
• 6.9 × 1041 J — gravitational binding energy of the Sun
• 1047 J — The energy released in a gamma ray burst
• 1.8 × 1047 J — Theoretical total mass-energy of the mass of the Sun
• 1070 J — Estimated theoretical total mass-energy of the universe (the largest known energy level)

Category:Physics Category:Energy Category:Orders of magnitude (energy)|*

## My new table

• Need to update rowspan="n" in first column when additions are made
• For other orders of magnitude, use tables at right; don't add links to them in this table
• For common units of measure, use links in table at right
• Maybe separate out table of what 1 joule equals, and conversion from non-SI units to joules.
Range joules alternate quantity comment
10-31 J
to
10-24 J
yoctojoule
yJ
10-24 J
10-24 J
3.6 yJ 0.001 yW·h
15 yJ 93 µeV Average kinetic energy of a molecule at the coldest place known (temperature 1 K)
160.2 yJ 1 meV
zeptojoule
zJ
10-21 J
10-21
3.6 zJ 1 yW·h
4.37 zJ 27.3 meV Average kinetic energy of a molecule at room temperature
160.02 zJ 1 eV electronvolt
attojoule
aJ
10-18 J
10-18 J
3.6 aJ 1 zW·h
160.02 aJ 1 keV
femtojoule
fJ
10-15 J
3.6 fJ 1 aW·h
160.02 fJ 1 MeV
picojoule
pJ
10-12 J
3.6 pJ 1 fW·h
160.02 pJ 1 GeV
nanojoule
nJ
10-9 J
3.6 nJ 1 pW·h
100 nJ 1 erg
160.02 nJ 1 TeV
microjoule
µJ
10-6 J
3.6 µJ 1 nW·h
160.02 µJ 1 PeV
millijoule
mJ
10-3 J
3.6 mJ 1 µW·h
160.02 mJ 1 EeV
joule
J
100 J
3.6 J 1 mW·h
160.02 J 1 ZeV
kilojoule
kJ
103 J
3.6 kJ 1 W·h watt-hour
160.02 kJ 1 YeV
megajoule
MJ
106 J
3.6 MJ 1 kW·h
gigajoule
GJ
109 J
3.6 GJ 1 MW·h
terajoule
TJ
1012 J
3.6 TJ 1 GW·h
petajoule
PJ
1015 J
3.6 PJ 1 TW·h
exajoule
EJ
1018 J
3.6 EJ 1 PW·h
zettajoule
ZJ
1021 J
3.6 ZJ 1 EW·h
yottajoule
YJ
1024 J
3.6 YJ 1 ZW·h
1027 J
to
1070 J

## Other stuff

1 kilogram-force = 9.80665 newtons

x

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{{coord|12|02|36|S|77|42||W}} too few elements


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## Date formatting software problems

checking to see if they have been fixed 13:22, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

[[15 March]] [[44 BC]] (15 March 44 BC) displays as -0043-03-15 (correct) and 15 March 44 BC (correct)

[[-0044-03-15]] (-0044-03-15) displays as -0044-03-15 (correct) and 15 March 43 BC (incorrect, should be 15 March 45 BC). Watch the formatted version here to see if they ever agree. Gene Nygaard 13:22, 21 May 2005 (UTC)

## Middot size

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G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G G

G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G·G

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3 (pre-1954 U.S.) nautical miles (5,559.75 m)
3 (pre-1954 U.S.) nautical miles (5,559.745999491998983997967995936 m) about 11.19 mm more
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## T:W

In addition it is important that thrust and specific impulse not be confused with one another. The specific impulse is a measure of the thrust per unit of propellent that is expelled, while thrust is a measure of the momentary or peak force supplied by a particular engine. In fact, propulsion systems with very high specific impulses (such as ion thrusters: 3,000 seconds) often produce low thrusts, due to low propellent flow (micrograms per second).

In addition it is important that thrust and specific impulse not be confused with one another. The specific impulse is a measure of the thrust per unit of propellent that is expelled, while thrust is a measure of the momentary or peak force supplied by a particular engine. In fact, propulsion systems with very high specific impulses (such as ion thrusters: 3,000 seconds) are power limited to producing low thrusts, due to the relatively high weight of power generators.

## Spaces

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

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8888888888

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0

1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0

1  2  3  4  5  6  7  8  9  0

123456°45'33.221" 123456°45'33.221" 123456°45'33.221" 123456°45'33.221" 123456°45'33.221" 123456°45'33.221" 123456°45'33.221" 123456°45'33.221"

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