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en>Bruno321 →Direction vector for a line in R2: it was plain wrong. The vector (a,b) is a *normal* vector, which is precisely orthogonal to a *direction* vector. |
en>Pbierre m word parametrically is not appropriate here, since the representation does not depend on a parameter t |
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{{Redirect6|Solovay|alleged internet "Spam King"|Robert Soloway|people with similar names|Soloway (disambiguation)}} | |||
{{no footnotes|date=February 2013}} | |||
{{Infobox scientist | |||
| name = Robert M. Solovay | |||
| image = Robert Solovay.jpeg | |||
| image_size = 200px | |||
| caption = Robert Solovay in 1972 (photo by George Bergman) | |||
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1938|12|15|mf=y}} | |||
| birth_place = [[Brooklyn, New York]], U.S. | |||
| death_date = | |||
| death_place = | |||
| nationality = [[United States|American]] | |||
| fields = [[Mathematics]] | |||
| workplaces = [[University of California, Berkeley]] | |||
| alma_mater = [[University of Chicago]] | |||
| doctoral_advisor = [[Saunders Mac Lane]] | |||
| doctoral_students = [[Matthew Foreman]]<br>[[Kenneth McAloon]]<br>[[Judith Roitman]]<br>[[W. Hugh Woodin]] | |||
| known_for = | |||
| awards = | |||
}} | |||
'''Robert Martin Solovay''' (born December 15, 1938) is an [[United States|American]] [[mathematician]] specializing in [[set theory]]. | |||
Solovay earned his [[Ph.D.]] from the [[University of Chicago]] in 1964 under the direction of [[Saunders Mac Lane]], with a dissertation on ''A Functorial Form of the Differentiable [[Riemann–Roch theorem]]''. Solovay has spent his career at the [[University of California]] at Berkeley, where his notable Ph.D. students include [[W. Hugh Woodin]] and [[Matthew Foreman]]. | |||
Solovay's noted accomplishments include: | |||
* [[Solovay's theorem]] showing that, if one assumes the existence of an [[inaccessible cardinal]], then the statement "every [[Set (mathematics)|set]] of [[real number]]s is [[Lebesgue measurable]]" is consistent with [[Zermelo–Fraenkel set theory|ZF]] without the [[axiom of choice]]; | |||
* Isolating the notion of [[zero sharp|0<sup>#</sup>]]; | |||
* Proving that the existence of a [[measurable cardinal#Real-valued measurable|real valued measurable cardinal]] is [[equiconsistency|equiconsistent]] with the existence of a measurable cardinal; | |||
* Proving that if <math>\lambda</math> is a strong limit [[singular cardinal]], greater than a [[strongly compact cardinal]] then <math>2^\lambda=\lambda^+</math> holds; | |||
* Proving that if <math>\kappa</math> is an uncountable regular cardinal, and <math>S\subseteq\kappa</math> is a [[stationary set]], then <math>S</math> can be decomposed into the union of <math>\kappa</math> disjoint stationary sets; | |||
* Outside of set theory, developing (with [[Volker Strassen]]) the [[Solovay–Strassen primality test]], used to identify large [[natural number]]s that are [[prime number|prime]] with high [[probability]]. This method has had important ramifications for [[cryptography]]. | |||
* Proving that GL (the [[normal modal logic]] which has the instances of the schema <math>\Box(\Box A\to A)\to\Box A</math> as additional axioms) completely axiomatizes the logic of the provability predicate of [[Peano Arithmetic]]. | |||
== Selected publications == | |||
* {{cite journal|doi=10.2307/1970696|author=Solovay, Robert M.|title=A model of set-theory in which every set of reals is Lebesgue measurable|journal=Annals of Mathematics. Second Series|volume=92|issue=1|year=1970|pages=1–56}} | |||
* {{cite journal|author=Solovay, Robert M.|title=A nonconstructible ''Δ<sup>1</sup><sub>3</sub>'' set of integers|journal=Transactions of the American Mathematical Society|volume=127|year=1967|pages=50–75|doi=10.2307/1994631|issue=1|publisher=American Mathematical Society|jstor=1994631}} | |||
* {{cite journal|author=Solovay, Robert M. and Volker Strassen|journal=SIAM Journal on Computing|title=A fast Monte-Carlo test for primality|volume=6|year=1977|issue=1|pages=84–85|doi=10.1137/0206006}} | |||
== See also == | |||
* [[Provability logic]] | |||
== External links == | |||
* {{MathGenealogy|id=6522}} | |||
* {{DBLP|id=Solovay:Robert}} | |||
{{Kanellakis Award laureates}} | |||
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --> | |||
| NAME = Solovay, Robert M. | |||
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = | |||
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American mathematician | |||
| DATE OF BIRTH = December 15, 1938 | |||
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Brooklyn, New York]], U.S. | |||
| DATE OF DEATH = | |||
| PLACE OF DEATH = | |||
}} | |||
{{DEFAULTSORT:Solovay, Robert M.}} | |||
[[Category:American logicians]] | |||
[[Category:Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences]] | |||
[[Category:20th-century mathematicians]] | |||
[[Category:Set theorists]] | |||
[[Category:1938 births]] | |||
[[Category:Living people]] | |||
{{US-mathematician-stub}} |
Revision as of 07:07, 7 October 2013
Template:Redirect6 Template:No footnotes Template:Infobox scientist Robert Martin Solovay (born December 15, 1938) is an American mathematician specializing in set theory.
Solovay earned his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1964 under the direction of Saunders Mac Lane, with a dissertation on A Functorial Form of the Differentiable Riemann–Roch theorem. Solovay has spent his career at the University of California at Berkeley, where his notable Ph.D. students include W. Hugh Woodin and Matthew Foreman.
Solovay's noted accomplishments include:
- Solovay's theorem showing that, if one assumes the existence of an inaccessible cardinal, then the statement "every set of real numbers is Lebesgue measurable" is consistent with ZF without the axiom of choice;
- Isolating the notion of 0#;
- Proving that the existence of a real valued measurable cardinal is equiconsistent with the existence of a measurable cardinal;
- Proving that if is a strong limit singular cardinal, greater than a strongly compact cardinal then holds;
- Proving that if is an uncountable regular cardinal, and is a stationary set, then can be decomposed into the union of disjoint stationary sets;
- Outside of set theory, developing (with Volker Strassen) the Solovay–Strassen primality test, used to identify large natural numbers that are prime with high probability. This method has had important ramifications for cryptography.
- Proving that GL (the normal modal logic which has the instances of the schema as additional axioms) completely axiomatizes the logic of the provability predicate of Peano Arithmetic.
Selected publications
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Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang - One of the biggest reasons investing in a Singapore new launch is an effective things is as a result of it is doable to be lent massive quantities of money at very low interest rates that you should utilize to purchase it. Then, if property values continue to go up, then you'll get a really high return on funding (ROI). Simply make sure you purchase one of the higher properties, reminiscent of the ones at Fernvale the Riverbank or any Singapore landed property Get Earnings by means of Renting
In its statement, the singapore property listing - website link, government claimed that the majority citizens buying their first residence won't be hurt by the new measures. Some concessions can even be prolonged to chose teams of consumers, similar to married couples with a minimum of one Singaporean partner who are purchasing their second property so long as they intend to promote their first residential property. Lower the LTV limit on housing loans granted by monetary establishments regulated by MAS from 70% to 60% for property purchasers who are individuals with a number of outstanding housing loans on the time of the brand new housing purchase. Singapore Property Measures - 30 August 2010 The most popular seek for the number of bedrooms in Singapore is 4, followed by 2 and three. Lush Acres EC @ Sengkang
Discover out more about real estate funding in the area, together with info on international funding incentives and property possession. Many Singaporeans have been investing in property across the causeway in recent years, attracted by comparatively low prices. However, those who need to exit their investments quickly are likely to face significant challenges when trying to sell their property – and could finally be stuck with a property they can't sell. Career improvement programmes, in-house valuation, auctions and administrative help, venture advertising and marketing, skilled talks and traisning are continuously planned for the sales associates to help them obtain better outcomes for his or her shoppers while at Knight Frank Singapore. No change Present Rules
Extending the tax exemption would help. The exemption, which may be as a lot as $2 million per family, covers individuals who negotiate a principal reduction on their existing mortgage, sell their house short (i.e., for lower than the excellent loans), or take part in a foreclosure course of. An extension of theexemption would seem like a common-sense means to assist stabilize the housing market, but the political turmoil around the fiscal-cliff negotiations means widespread sense could not win out. Home Minority Chief Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) believes that the mortgage relief provision will be on the table during the grand-cut price talks, in response to communications director Nadeam Elshami. Buying or promoting of blue mild bulbs is unlawful.
A vendor's stamp duty has been launched on industrial property for the primary time, at rates ranging from 5 per cent to 15 per cent. The Authorities might be trying to reassure the market that they aren't in opposition to foreigners and PRs investing in Singapore's property market. They imposed these measures because of extenuating components available in the market." The sale of new dual-key EC models will even be restricted to multi-generational households only. The models have two separate entrances, permitting grandparents, for example, to dwell separately. The vendor's stamp obligation takes effect right this moment and applies to industrial property and plots which might be offered inside three years of the date of buy. JLL named Best Performing Property Brand for second year running
The data offered is for normal info purposes only and isn't supposed to be personalised investment or monetary advice. Motley Fool Singapore contributor Stanley Lim would not personal shares in any corporations talked about. Singapore private home costs increased by 1.eight% within the fourth quarter of 2012, up from 0.6% within the earlier quarter. Resale prices of government-built HDB residences which are usually bought by Singaporeans, elevated by 2.5%, quarter on quarter, the quickest acquire in five quarters. And industrial property, prices are actually double the levels of three years ago. No withholding tax in the event you sell your property. All your local information regarding vital HDB policies, condominium launches, land growth, commercial property and more
There are various methods to go about discovering the precise property. Some local newspapers (together with the Straits Instances ) have categorised property sections and many local property brokers have websites. Now there are some specifics to consider when buying a 'new launch' rental. Intended use of the unit Every sale begins with 10 p.c low cost for finish of season sale; changes to 20 % discount storewide; follows by additional reduction of fiftyand ends with last discount of 70 % or extra. Typically there is even a warehouse sale or transferring out sale with huge mark-down of costs for stock clearance. Deborah Regulation from Expat Realtor shares her property market update, plus prime rental residences and houses at the moment available to lease Esparina EC @ Sengkang
See also
External links
- 50 yr old Print Journalist Broadbent from Deep River, has hobbies and interests which includes r/c helicopters, property developers in singapore house for rent and scrabble. Suggests that you go to Tomb of Askia.
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